Virginia Protects the Right to Rebuild, For Two Years
Section 15.2-2307 of the Code of Virginia deals with nonconforming uses, and one subsection matters enormously to anyone whose house has burned.
A zoning ordinance must permit the owner of a residential or commercial building damaged or destroyed by a natural disaster or other act of God to repair, rebuild or replace it so as to eliminate or reduce the nonconforming features to the extent possible, without needing a variance under section 15.2-2310.
And where the building is damaged greater than fifty per cent and cannot be repaired, rebuilt or replaced except by restoring it to its original nonconforming condition, the owner has the right to do so.
What Is the Catch?
The full position is on our page covering the clocks and the ceiling.
The Second Clock Runs on the Use
Separate from the rebuild clock and equally easy to miss. A zoning ordinance may provide that nonconforming land, buildings and structures may be continued only so long as the existing or a more restricted use continues, that use is not discontinued for more than two years, and the buildings are maintained in their then structural condition.
So an empty burned house can lose its protected status by sitting rather than by anything anyone does to it.
Does an Accidental House Fire Count as an Act of God?
And Near Oceana There Is a Ceiling on What Goes Back
The local half, and it is particular to this city. Naval Air Station Oceana appeared on the 2005 Base Realignment and Closure Commission's list of recommended closures over concerns about development near the base, and Virginia Beach responded with the AICUZ Overlay Ordinance at Article 18 of the City Zoning Ordinance and the APZ-1 and Clear Zone Master Plan adopted in 2008.
Under those provisions no use or structure is permitted within Accident Potential Zone 1 or a Clear Zone unless designated Compatible in Table 2 of section 1804. A use or structure not designated Compatible is permitted as a replacement of the same use or structure only where the replacement is of equal or lesser density or intensity than the original.
What Does Equal or Lesser Intensity Mean for a House?
What a Fire-Damaged Virginia Beach Property Is Actually Worth
The Terms That Move the Number Here
The date of the fire. The first question, ahead of anything about the building, because two separate two-year clocks run from it.
Whether the parcel is in an accident potential or noise zone. It sets the ceiling on any replacement.
Whether the structure was conforming to begin with. A conforming house is not relying on any of this.
Whether the damage passed fifty per cent. It changes which part of the statute you are relying on.
Which locality. Virginia Beach, Norfolk, Chesapeake and the rest each administer their own zoning.
Anyone quoting without asking when the fire happened has priced a building without checking whether the right to rebuild it still exists.
One Thing Virginia Makes Simpler
Unusually among the markets we work in, the building code itself does not vary by locality. Work to repair, rebuild or replace must comply with the Uniform Statewide Building Code, and that is the same code in Virginia Beach as in Norfolk or Suffolk.
What varies is zoning, and zoning is where the constraints in this file actually sit. Rebuilding also has to comply with local floodplain regulations adopted as a condition of participating in the National Flood Insurance Program.
How the Timeline Runs
An open claim does not prevent a sale. What lengthens a Virginia Beach file is a two-year clock nobody diarised, a zone nobody checked, and a rebuild plan that is larger than the one thing the ordinance permits.
If you are weighing several offers, how to tell local cash buyers apart covers the checks that separate them.
Questions Owners Ask
My House Was Conforming. Does Any of This Apply?
Much less of it. The nonconforming provisions matter where a structure does not comply with current zoning, which near the base and on older lots is common. Worth establishing rather than assuming either way.
Can I Enlarge the House While Rebuilding?
Enlarging the square footage or structurally altering the building is what forfeits nonconforming status under the statute, and near Oceana a replacement must be of equal or lesser density or intensity.
Can I Sell With an Open Claim?
Yes. Who keeps the proceeds is a contract term rather than a legal barrier.
How Do I Find My Zone?
The city publishes AICUZ mapping and the zoning administrator will confirm it for an address. Virginia also requires notice where a parcel lies within an airport noise overlay zone.
Sources
- Code of Virginia section 15.2-2307 — vested rights and nonconforming uses
- Code of Virginia section 15.2-2310 — variances, referenced in the rebuild provision
- Virginia Uniform Statewide Building Code, section 36-97 and following
- Virginia Beach City Zoning Ordinance Article 18 — AICUZ Overlay Ordinance, and section 1804 Table 2
- Virginia Beach APZ-1 and Clear Zone Master Plan (2008) and the city's AICUZ programme